cost of lead acid batteries vs vanadium redox batteries (1 Viewer)

[horseluver29]

Have been searching the internet for a solid week and can find no really useful information.
We have to do an assignment on galvanic cells (due on wednesday), and one part asks us to compare to cost of lead acid cells and vanadium redox cells.
Im thinking in terms of production costs, maintenance costs, capital costs, cost of operation etc.. but i can't find anything
ANY help would be greatly appreciated.

 

[x jiim]

you're in luck, I still have notes left over from last assessment:

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-structure and chemistry<o></o>
LA batteries can be recharged by application of external current: in start-up provide energy for starter motor, gradually recharged during driving by alternator. <st1>Battery</st1> made of 6 cells in series-about 12V. Each cell has a porous lead sheet anode, and a lead sheet coated in compressed PbO₂ cathode. Electrodes in grid to increase SA. Electrolytes are H₂SO₄. Thin perforated fibreglass sheets separate each electrode. anode reaction- Pb_(s) + SO₄^2-à PbSO_4(s) + 2e^- cathode- PbO_2(s)+SO₄^2-+4H⁺+2e^-à PbSO_4(s)+2H₂O_(l)<o></o>
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VR batteries are redox flow battery systems. The design uses tanks to store 2 vanadium electrolytes which are pumped through a battery stack- chem. energy stored in solutions is converted to electrical energy. Anolyte contains V²⁺ and V³⁺ ions [+2 and +3 oxidation states]; catholyte contains VO₂⁺ and VO²⁺ ions [+IV and +V oxidation states]. Potential difference between half cells produces current. Electrodes are graphite impregnated polypropylene sheet or graphite felt. anode reaction- V²⁺ à V³⁺+ e^-<o></o>
cathode- VO₂⁺ + 2H⁺ + e^- à VO²⁺ + H₂O_(l)<o></o>
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-cost and practicality<o></o>
LA batteries are expensive due to the lead content, however they last several years and can be recharged. They are heavy, limiting portability. Avoid rapid recharging as explosive H gas may form. VR batteries will be expensive until fully commercialised- vanadium is plentiful which will reduce cost. Can be recharged at low voltage, little explosive hydrogen generated.<o></o>

-impact on society
LA is important for car start-up motors as it provides high currents over short periods, and a useful storage battery in remote areas. Can be recharged by connecting to solar panels or generators. Good for emergency lighting. VR is used in electrochemical storage of solar and low wind energy. Replacing LA storage batteries in diesel engines esp in remote areas; power source for electric vehicles [currently too bulky]<o></o>
<o></o>
-environmental impact.<o></o>
LA are 80% recycled to retrieve lead. Lead is toxic to organisms and causes anaemia in humans. Electrolyte is highly acidic and spills cause severe damage. Sealed cells prevent acid fumes from causing corrosion. VR waste is minimised as solutions can be infinitely recycled cells have a longer life than LA cells. <o></o>

Not all of that's relevant, but hope it helps :]

 

[sinophile]

Off the top of my head, Lead Acid cells are moderately expensive, with the important exception of their application in cars, whereupon they are incredibly cheap.

The fact that they contain large amounts of lead means their initial cost is high. They are also not suitable for prolonged discharge, so they need to be recharged often. Now this is where the cost effectiveness of the battery lies. If its in a car, it can be charged cheaply using petrol. If its not in a car (highly unlikely), then you'll need to recharge it using powerpoint electricity, solar or whatever, which is very expensive.

I didnt study VA cells, probably u can do that urself