"Trains and mirrors" could also be referring to the time dilation thought experiment - one light clock on the side of the tracks, one light clock on the train.
I think the word experiments sorta implies you need to know both the simultaneity and the time dilation one. But only generally, I don't think you'd have to know the formulas for the distance travelled by the light beams in the time dilation experiment.
"Discuss the relationship between thought and reality" - that's a great philosophy question. Maybe if they said "...in relation to scientific experiments", or something, they wouldn't appear as stupid. To our physics class, anyway.