Judaism V Religion and Ethics V Bio-ethics
Jewish law imposes specific responsibilities on individuals to safeguard their own lives and to help others. The extents of these obligations, however, are not unlimited. There is continual debate about these limitations. For Jews, the issue of abortion revolves around the obligations to ease suffering at all costs. For Judaism, a foetus only becomes a human with a soul when enters the world through birth, which means that abortion is technically not a murder. Furthermore, for Reformed and Conservative Jews, abortion is allowed if a mother or child will suffer considerable pain, even so, abortion on demand is not allowed in any Jewish variant and will require strong reasoning.
Within the numerous variants of Judaism, there are differing views towards IVF. For reformed Jews, there is a general acceptance for IVF because of the required fulfilment of the torah on having children. But conservative Jews will not allow IVF because there is a strong belief in the importance of a foundation of a family and having children without marriage is frowned upon. With IVF brings the issues of frozen embryos and all Jews dislike the fact that extra embryos will be created but will be neglected after the process or will have to be destroyed.
Cloning? Same stance as Christianity? There is no clear consensus yet in Jewish law regarding cloning. Since the technology to clone people is not yet a reality, the issue is an academic one, not a practical one.
For Jews, life is valued highly and the only time when it is right to kill or harm others is in an act of self defence or in punishment. Hence, killing to ease suffering is not acceptable, however, in order to ease patients suffering, doctors are allowed to administer treatment that may save their life, but can have potential in killing. From the book of Genesis, God is the giver of all life, and Jews believes that life is to be valued. Also, euthanasia would be against the rules of the Torah which is why it is condemned for taking the life of another being.
In terms of genetic engineering and stem cell research, Jews believes that it is important to save the life of another person. Which is why, genetic engineering is acceptable in Judaism because it has the potential to create a child who is gifted and free from illness.