Yeah but some stuff are not in the course. Like for instance partial fractions with repeated factors.
Even though it is not explicitly stated in the syllabus, it is still assessible in the HSC because you have all the appropriate tools to solve it, without needing anything new or learning about it explicitly. This comes under the "skills" section of the course where you are expected to apply your knowledge of a topic to unfamiliar questions. Generally these types of questions will have a lead in from different parts.
Using your example of partial fractions with repeated factors, it is actually commonly seen in HSC exams, even though the syllabus explicitly states that they are not in the course. The tricky little loophole around this is that they can ask people to do this for example:
"Find a and b such that: 2/(x + 1)(x + 2)
2 = a/(x + 1) + b/(x + 2) + c/(x + 2)
2"
But they shouldn't ask:
"Decompose 2/(x + 1)(x + 2)
2 into partial fractions"
In the first question, you are GIVEN the form of the decomposition and it's merely a matter of algebra and general partial fraction skills to solve it which is perfectly doable given we already have general tools to solve partial fractions.
However, the second question requires you to actually KNOW the form of the decomposition in order to do it. This is the bit that is 'not in the syllabus' whereas the first question doesn't require you to recall such a thing.