What he means by lower potential, he means that less energy is required to reduce water, hence it is favoured over reducing sodium.
mass in grams.
Are these the steps in order to find the answer?
Transuranic elements are synthetic elements with an atomic number larger than 92. They can be produced in two ways: Neutron bombardment in a nuclear reactor and particle acceleration. In nuclear reactors, atoms are bombarded with neutrons to produce an isotope which is unstable and undergoes beta decay, as a result a transuranic element is created. Particle acceleration occurs when a charged beams of ions are accelerated at high speeds to penetrate a target nucleus and a transuranic element is created. An example of a recently discovered element is Ununhexium, element 116 which was synthesised in December, 2000, by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia).
Perhaps for a 4 marker you may be able to scrape it. 3 marks are definitely there. I was going to make it a 5 marker but I decided to tone it back down a bit. I would've liked to see one nuclear equation even though the question doesn't specifically ask for it.
Why am I never able to get full marks lol. Is it because I didn't include an equation I lost that one mark?
But the band 6 response tries to incorporate everything they know if its relevant. E.g. if it's equilibrium principles Le Chatelier always pops up. Talking about the potentials of ethanol as an alternate fuel could include the combustion equation for ethanol and the delta H value, as well as that for octane, so you can compare heat per mole and realise that octane produces more energy.
There are different types of synthetic detergents: Anionic, Cationic and Non-ionic, each of them are similar in structure as they have a non-polar hydrocarbon chain, however they are composed of different polar ends. Anionic detergents have a benzene sulphonate, which is negative and allows them to bind strongly to negative surfaces, hence why they are used as hair conditioners and fabric softeners. They are not used as hair shampoos as they strip too much oil from the hair. Cationic detergents have an ammonium group which is positive and are used as hair shampoos as they produce a fair amount of foam compared to anionic and non-ionic, hence why they are not used as front-loading washing machine detergents. Instead, non-ionic, which have a hydroxyl group are used as they don't produce a lot of foam. Early detergents were non-linear (branched) and were non-biodegradable, so they had an environmental impact. Detergents also use builders which increase their efficiency as cleaning agents, however this led to eutrophication to due increase in phosphate levels. Today's detergents are linear (unbranched) so they are biodegradable with very minimal environmental issues.
They wont do that this year as they had a 7 marker on it last year
Is that even in the syllabus? I've never seen a question like that before
Admittedly, I just did the 2014 paper casually without considering what the questions actually were and their unlikelihood of appearing this year. But it's still good practice, in case a 3 marker on just the structure comes up or something etc.
Have to deduct marks for incorrect evidence here... 4
