Can someone explain question 19 on MC? The answer was B
The headline rate of inflation refers to the rate of inflation where volatile items are included.
Headline inflation is increasing whilst underlying inflation is going down.
Decreased oil production is a volatile shock that could lead to an increase in the headline inflation rate, therefore A is a possible solution.
Flooding in agricultural areas would lead to the cost of fruits and vegetables go up, leading to an increase in the headline inflation rate, therefore B is a possible solution.
Increased tariffs are not volatile, and hence C is not a solution.
Increased oil supply would lead prices to decrease, and hence, D is not a solution.
Now for A, expansionary fiscal policy leads to a rightwards shift in the aggregate demand curve, leading to an increase in the price level in the economy.
Therefore, by a process of elimination, B is the correct answer.