HSC Biology Marathon 2015 (2 Viewers)

[Loudvicuna]

All of the notes I have all have different wavelengths for the same animal -.-

same I have 20Hz-20000Hz for humans
10000-120000Hz for bats
0.25-150000Hz for dolphins

 

[Loudvicuna]

Also lipids are carried attached to proteins as lipoproteins

 

[Flop21]

Identify the areas of the brain responsible for communication (3 marks).

 

[Loudvicuna]

Identify the areas of the brain responsible for communication (3 marks).

The parts of the cerebrum in the brain are associated with communication through speech as well as the perception and comprehension of sound and vision. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe which is responsible with the perception of sound. The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and is associated with the interpretation of visual communication.

Theres a lot more parts to the brain for communication but i think they're the main things

 

[Loudvicuna]

Provide distinctive features to identify the pathogens: prions, protozoa, fungi, parasites and virus' (5 marks)

 

[tfw english]

The parts of the cerebrum in the brain are associated with communication through speech as well as the perception and comprehension of sound and vision. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe which is responsible with the perception of sound. The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and is associated with the interpretation of visual communication.

Theres a lot more parts to the brain for communication but i think they're the main things

Could also mention the frontal lobe for thoughts, learning, memory and speech. And also the parietal lobe which processes speech

 

[Flop21]

Provide distinctive features to identify the pathogens: prions, protozoa, fungi, parasites and virus' (5 marks)

Prions are proteins that have taken on an abnormal shape.

Protozoa are unicellular and have membrane bound organelles and nucleus.

Fungi are unicellular heterotrophs.

Viruses have RNA or DNA within a protein coat.


I know that doesn't really answer the question, but I'm not sure how to answer it for prion, fungi and parasites.

 

[Loudvicuna]

Could also mention the frontal lobe for thoughts, learning, memory and speech. And also the parietal lobe which processes speech

True, although the temporal lobe processes speech in Wernicke's area

 

[Queenroot]

The parts of the cerebrum in the brain are associated with communication through speech as well as the perception and comprehension of sound and vision. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe which is responsible with the perception of sound. The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and is associated with the interpretation of visual communication.

Theres a lot more parts to the brain for communication but i think they're the main things

Speech formation is an important one in broca's area

 

[Flop21]

I was going to only remember:

Primary visual area

Primary auditory area

Broca's area


Is this okay or do I need to remember the 'association' areas??

 

[Loudvicuna]

The cerebrum is the part of the brain associated with the production of speech and the interpretation and comprehension of sound and vision which is essential to communication. The frontal lobe contains Broca's area which is responsible for thought and the production of speech. Sound is perceived in the auditory cortex and is comprehended in Wernickes's area within the temporal lobe, this allows for the communication of different languages. The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe which is responsible for the perception and interpretation of light.

 

[rand_althor]

Provide distinctive features to identify the pathogens: prions, protozoa, fungi, parasites and virus' (5 marks)

Prions - non-cellular proteins that are capable of causing disease. They lack genetic material.
Viruses - non-cellular pathogens made up a protein coat which encloses genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA.
Protozoa - unicellular eukaryotes.
Fungi - unicellular or multi-cellular eukaryotes that possess a cell wall.
Macro-parasites - multi-cellular eukaryotes that are visible to the naked eye.

Not sure what else to say for protozoa.

 

[Queenroot]

I was going to only remember:

Primary visual area

Primary auditory area

Broca's area


Is this okay or do I need to remember the 'association' areas??

that's enough tbh

 

[rand_althor]

Kidney disease is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated 31 million people in the United States (10% of the population) have chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is more common among women, but men with CKD are 50% more likely than women to progress to kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD).

Renal dialysis or kidney transplants can be used to treat CKD. Discuss issues associated with both treatments. (5 marks)

 

[Mr_Kap]

Kidney disease is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated 31 million people in the United States (10% of the population) have chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is more among women, but men with CKD are 50% more likely than women to progress to kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD).

Renal dialysis or kidney transplants can be used to treat CKD. Discuss issues associated with both treatments. (5 marks)

never heard kidney transplants but here goes:


Renal Dialisys is very important with patients that have kidney failure because without renal dialysis, kindey sufferes would not be avle to control salt and water levels in the body to maintain homeostasis. Through renal dyialisis, the blood is taken out of the artey and passed through a diyalisis fluid, which filters the blood and passive transport occurs. It is this that controls the salt and water levels in the blood. Then, the blood is returned to the kidney sufferer. This proccess has issues such as the fact that it takes a long time due to the passive transport, must be performed many times a day, and is costly. All this is a nuisance to people with kidney disease, however, renal dyalisis is extremely important for them as they wouldnt be able to survive without it. Kidney transplants could also be used to tread CKD. Some issues however, would be that the kidney to be transplanted must be 'tissue typed' in order for the immune response to not be as large. Also, immunosuppressants must be taken for life in order for the organ not to be rejected by the immune response.

cant be fucked finishing my answer and editing to make it nicer.

 

[rand_althor]

never heard kidney transplants but here goes:


Renal Dialisys is very important with patients that have kidney failure because without renal dialysis, kindey sufferes would not be avle to control salt and water levels in the body to maintain homeostasis. Through renal dyialisis, the blood is taken out of the artey and passed through a diyalisis fluid, which filters the blood and passive transport occurs. It is this that controls the salt and water levels in the blood. Then, the blood is returned to the kidney sufferer. This proccess has issues such as the fact that it takes a long time due to the passive transport, must be performed many times a day, and is costly. All this is a nuisance to people with kidney disease, however, renal dyalisis is extremely important for them as they wouldnt be able to survive without it. Kidney transplants could also be used to tread CKD. Some issues however, would be that the kidney to be transplanted must be 'tissue typed' in order for the immune response to not be as large. Also, immunosuppressants must be taken for life in order for the organ not to be rejected by the immune response.

cant be fucked finishing my answer and editing to make it nicer.

That's pretty much it. You could have also mentioned that dialysis does not perform all the functions of the kidney (no hormonal control of blood pressure), and that is difficult to find donors for kidney transplants.

 

[Mr_Kap]

Explain why DNA replication needs to be exact. 3 MARKS

 

[Loudvicuna]

Kidney disease is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated 31 million people in the United States (10% of the population) have chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is more common among women, but men with CKD are 50% more likely than women to progress to kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD).

Renal dialysis or kidney transplants can be used to treat CKD. Discuss issues associated with both treatments. (5 marks)

Renal dialysis functions as an artificial kidney whereby nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood of the patient. Renal dialysis however is inferior to a functioning kidney through its inability to actively transport nutrients such as glucose back to the blood stream, however this can be corrected by ensuring an isotonic concentration of nutrients in the dialysis fluid. Renal dialysis also requires frequent treatment which is very time consuming and requires the patient to plan their schedules around treatment. Kidney transplants are a much more effective method to manage the removal of nitrogenous wastes and balance of water however also presents many problems. A donor must be found to donate a kidney which can have a long waiting list for up to months. The transplanted kidney will also be recognised as foreign by the recipients immune system by the antigens on its surface to initiate an immune response. Therefore the recipient must remain on immune suppressing drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent organ rejection, thus are more subjected to other infections because of a weakened immunity.

 

[rand_althor]

Contrast the movement of materials in the phloem tissue of plants with the movement of blood in the vascular system of mammals. (4 marks)

 

[Stimuli]

Describe the method employed and results obtained for an investigation you conducted that demonstrated the effect of the environment on the phenotype of an organism (5)