construct word and balanced formulae... yeh that dotpoint (1 Viewer)

[JoeMK]

The first dotpoint:
"construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered"
is one which needs to be constantly updated thorughout the year.... does anyone allready have all the needed equations... maybe passed on by a past student?

Cus that'll make my life so much easier, especially before revising for an exam

 

[pLuvia]

As the dot point says as they are encountered you will see the equations as you go along the topic.

It's better to write and find your own equations, it's better to learn the equations in context rather than just on a piece of paper with 100s of others

 

[Riviet]

I agree with pLuvia, also as you summarise the dot points, include relevant equations e.g dehydration of ethanol. When you've finished summarising, you will have encountered plenty of equations which will be scattered all over your summaries in their relevant topics.

 

[JoeMK]

I agree with pLuvia, also as you summarise the dot points, include relevant equations e.g dehydration of ethanol. When you've finished summarising, you will have encountered plenty of equations which will be scattered all over your summaries in their relevant topics.

That was the problem last year with my prelim, cuz i had so many equations everywhere that i couldn't put them back together to be able to revise them properly before the test... i'd rather have a whole list of equations, and as they are encountered i tick them off or maybe refrence each equation to its corresponding dotpoint

 

[Riviet]

I reckon learning them as you go is better than learning a whole list because it's within the context of your summary, which is what pLuvia said before. If you still want a whole list of your equations, you can do a cumulative list. So as you do your normal summary with your equations, also add them to that cumulative list of equations. When revising, I guess you then have the options of either revising everything or just the equations.

 

[Dreamerish*~]

I haven't seen anyone who has a whole list, but let me tell you that memorising it without understanding it won't work. Questions can be rephrased, or slightly altered to trick you, so what you need to do is to make sure you understand the concepts well enough to solve problems by logic. This is why you usually don't get lists of equations, because you learn them as you encounter them in the syllabus. Also because they're not always relevant to each other.

Here's a brief list of reactions you'll find helpful, in the order of Productions, Acidic and Monitoring (use only as a guide):


Productions of Materials

Hydrocarbons, polymers and ethanol

• Catalytic cracking: long-chain hydrocarbon → (zeolite catalyst) short-chain hydrocarbons
  • C₅H₁₀ → C₂H₄ + C₃H₆
• Combustion of alkanes: alkane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
  
  • C₃H_8(g) + 5O_2(g) → 3CO_2(g) + 4H₂O_(g)
• Substitution reaction of alkanes: alkane + X₂ → Xalkane + HX
  • CH_4(g) + Cl_2(g) → CH₃Cl_(g) + HCl_(g)
• Reaction of alkanes with bromine water (or chlorine): alkane + Br₂ → (U.V. radiation) bromoalkane + HBr
  • C₆H_14(l) + Br_2(aq) → C₆H₁₃Br_(aq) + HBr_(aq)
• Reaction of alkenes with bromine water (or chlorine): alkene + Br₂ → dibromoalkene
  
  • CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ → Br-CH₂-CH₂-Br
• Addition reaction of alkenes: alkene + XY → XYalkene
  • C₂H₄ + HOBr → HO-CH₂-CH₂-Br
• Hydration of ethene: ethene + water → (dil. H₂SO₄) ethanol
  • C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH
• Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol → (conc. H₂SO₄) ethene + water
  • C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O
• Polymerisation of ethene: ethene → (suitable catalysts and environment: see textbook) polyethylene
  • [CH₂=CH₂]_n → n[-CH₂-CH₂-]
• Fermentation: glucose → (yeast) ethanol + carbon dioxide
  • C₆H₁₂O_6(aq) → 2C₂H₅OH_(aq) + 2CO_2(g)
• Complete combustion of ethanol: ethanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
  • C₂H₅OH_(l) + 3O_2(g) → 2CO_2(g) + 3H₂O_(g)

Electrochemistry

• Oxidation half-reaction: metal_(s) → metal ion_(aq) + electron/s
  • Zn_(s) → Zn²⁺_(aq) + 2e^-
• Reduction half-reaction: metal ion_(aq) + electron/s → metal_(s)
  • Cu²⁺_(aq) + 2e^- → Cu_(s)
  
  

The Acidic Environment

Acids and bases in everyday life

• Ionisation of acid in solution: acid + water → hydronium ion + anion or alternatively acid → hydrogen ion (shorthand for hydronium ion) + anion
  • HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl^- or alternatively HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-
• Acid-base reactions: acid + base → salt + water
  • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
• Carbon dioxide-water equilibrium: carbon dioxide + water
  
  carbonic acid
  • CO_2(g) + H₂O_(l)
    
    H₂CO₃
• Formation of sulfur dioxide from coal: sulfur_{(in compounds)} + oxygen → sulfur dioxide
  • S_{(in compounds)} + O_2(g) → SO_2(g)
• Formation of sulfur dioxide from metal ores: sulfide ore + oxygen → metal oxide + sulfur dioxide
  • 2ZnS_(s) + 3O_2(g) → 2ZnO_(s) + 2SO_2(g)
• Formation of nitric oxide via high temperatures: oxygen + nitrogen → nitrogen oxide
  • O_2(g) + N_2(g) → 2NO_(g)
• Formation of nitrogen dioxide: nitric oxide + oxygen → nitrogen dioxide
  • 2NO_(g) + O_2(g) → 2NO_2(g)
• Formation of sulfurous acid: sulfur dioxide + water → sulfurous acid
  • SO_2(g) + H₂O_(l) → H₂SO_3(aq)
• Formation of sulfuric acid: sulfurous acid + oxygen → (catalyst) sulfuric acid
  • 2H₂SO_3(aq) + O_2(g) → 2H₂SO_4(aq)
• Formation of nitrous and nitric acid: nitrogen dioxide + water → nitrous acid + nitric acid
  • 2NO_2(g) + H₂O_(l) → HNO_2(aq) + HNO_3(aq)
• Conversion of nitrous acid to nitric acid: nitrous acid + oxygen → (catalyst) nitric acid
  • 2HNO_2(aq) + O_2(g) → 2HNO_3(aq)
• Self-ionisation of water: water + water
  
  hydronium ion + hydroxide ion
  • H₂O + H₂O
    
    H₃O⁺ + OH^-

Acids - changing concepts, use in analysis and making esters from

• Amphiprotic reactions of hydrogen carbonate:
  • HCO₃^-_(aq) + H₂O[/sub](l)[/sub]
    
    H₃O⁺_(aq) + CO₃^2-_(aq)
  • HCO₃^-_(aq) + H₂O[/sub](l)[/sub]
    
    H₂CO_3(aq) + OH^-_(aq)
• Haemoglobin as a naturally-occuring buffer: haemoglobin + hydronium ion
  
  Hhaemoglobin + water
  • Hb_(aq) + H₃O⁺_(aq)
    
    HHb⁺_(aq) + H₂O_(l) (note: Hb stands for haemoglobin for convenience)
• Esterification: alkanoic acid + alkanol → (H₂SO₄ catalyst) ester + water
  • CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃-COO-CH₂CH₃

Chemical Monitoring and Management

Monitoring and management in the chemical industry

• Synthesis of ammonia: nitrogen + hydrogen
  
  (magnetite catalyst) ammonia
  • N_2(g) + 3H_2(g)
    
    2NH_3(g)

Chemistry and the atmosphere

• Formation of ozone from nitrogen dioxide: nitrogen dioxide + sunlight → nitrogen oxide + oxygen free radical
  • NO₂ + sunlight → NO + O
  • O + O₂ → O₃
• Destruction of ozone by nitrogen oxide: nitrogen oxide + ozone → nitrogen dioxide + oxygen
  • NO + O₃ → NO₂ + O₂
• Formation and destruction of ozone:
  • O₂ + 2O
  • 2O → O₂
  • O + O₂ → O₃
  • O + O₃ → 2O₂
• Formation of chlorine free radicals: CFC + U.V. radiation → chlorine free radical + leftover of CFC
  • CCl₃F + U.V. radiation → Cl + •CCl₂F
    
• Destruction of ozone by chlorine free radicals: chlorine free radical + ozone → ClO free radical + oxygen
  • Cl + O₃ → ClO + O₂
• Regeneration of chlorine free radical: ClO free radical + oxygen free radical → oxygen + chlorine free radical
  • ClO + O → O₂ + Cl

(Note: catalysts required for some equations are named in brackets after the arrow)

 

[pLuvia]

Dreamerish*~ how long did it take you to do ALL that? all the subscripts and superscripts

 

[Dreamerish*~]

Dreamerish*~ how long did it take you to do ALL that? all the subscripts and superscripts

... Awhile.

When I started, nobody else has replied yet.

 

[Riviet]

... Awhile.

When I started, nobody else has replied yet.

Dedicated Queen of Chemistry!!!

Thanks a bunch for the list, very useful.

 

[Dreamerish*~]

Dedicated Queen of Chemistry!!!

Thanks a bunch for the list, very useful.

Haha, when I finished Productions I wanted to give up.

(You're welcome

)

 

[Mountain.Dew]

Dedicated Queen of Chemistry!!!

Thanks a bunch for the list, very useful.

indeed. we pay homage to you, your majesty Dreamerish*~ *bows*

a lot of these balancing equations will become easier when you encounter them during exercises and exams and what not. most of the balancing involves ratios that has numbers no greater than 2, but then there are some like combustion that has big ugly numbers. *yuck*

 

[pLuvia]

... Awhile.

When I started, nobody else has replied yet.

Yeh thanks for that

Haha, when I finished Productions I wanted to give up.

I can see why haha, looking at al the codes and stuff now

 

[JoeMK]

THANKS a LOT

I really forgot about my thread...WOW
THanks heaps Dreamerish