superbird said:
1. Explain the existence of the universe without God to create it. What reasonable explanation is there?
Claim:
Every event has a cause. The universe itself had a beginning, so it must have had a First Cause, which must have been a creator God.
Response:
1. The assumption that every event has a cause, although common in our experience, is not necessarily universal. The apparent lack of cause for some events, such as radioactive decay, suggests that there might be exceptions. There are also hypotheses such as alternate dimensions of time or an eternally oscillating universe which allow a universe without a first cause.
2. By definition, a cause comes before an event. If time began with the universe, "before" doesn't even apply to it, and it is logically impossible that the universe be caused.
3. This claim raises the question of what caused God. If, as some claim, God doesn't need a cause, then by the same reasoning, neither does the universe.
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superbird said:
2. Disprove the accuracy of the Bible. Skeptics have tried this for centuries without success.
It is not necessary to disprove the accuracy. You haven't actually proved the accuracy in the first place. It's YOUR job to prove that it is accurate. The onus is on you to show why it is accurate, which you can't do.
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superbird said:
3. Disprove the unity of the Bible. Again, this has been tried repeatedly and unsuccessfully.
Actually the Bible contains some contradictions:
- Genesis 1 has Adam created after other animals; Genesis 2 has him appearing before animals.
- Matt. 1:16 and Luke 3:23 differ over Jesus' lineage.
- Mark 14:72 differs from Matt. 26:74-75, Luke 22:60-61, and John 18:27 about how many time the cock crowed.
- 2 Sam. 24:1 and 1 Chr. 21:1 differ over who incited David to take a census.
- 1 Sam. 17:23,50 and 2 Sam. 21:19 disagree about who killed Goliath.
- 1 Sam. 31:4-5 and 2 Sam. 1:5-10 differ over Saul's death.
- The four gospels differ about many details of Christ's death and resurrection [Barker 1990]. For example, Matt. 27:37, Mark 15:26, Luke 23:38, and John 19:19 have different inscriptions on the cross.
- Matt. 27:5-8 differs with Acts 1:18-19 about Judas' death.
- Gen. 9:3 and Lev. 11:4 differ about what is proper to eat.
- Rom. 3:20-28 and James 2:24 differ over faith vs. deeds.
- Exodus 20:5, Num. 14:18, and Deut. 5:9 disagree with Ezekiel 18:4,19-20 and John 9:3 about sins being inherited.
and while we're here, some errors too:
- Lev. 11:4 states that rabbits chew their cud.
- Lev. 11:20-23 speaks of four-legged insects, including grasshoppers.
- 1 Chron. 16:30 and Ps. 93:1 state that the Earth is immobile, yet it not only revolves and orbits the sun, but it is also influenced by the gravitational pull of other bodies.
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superbird said:
4. Explain the fulfilled prophecies. What explanation can there be, other than the inspiration of God?
Claim:
The Bible contains many prophecies which have accurately been fulfilled, proving it is a divine source.
Response:
1. There are several mundane ways in which a prediction of the future can be fulfilled.
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Retrodiction. The "prophecy" can be written or modified after the events fulfilling it have already occurred.
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Vagueness. The prophecy can be worded in such a way that people can interpret any outcome as a fulfillment. Nostradomus's prophecies are all of this type. Vagueness works particularly well when people are religiously motivated to believe the prophecies.
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Inevitability. The prophecy can predict something that is almost sure to happen, such as the collapse of a city. Since nothing lasts forever, the city is sure to fall someday. If it hasn't, just say that, according to prophecy, it will.
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Denial. One can claim that the fulfilling events occurred even if they haven't. Or, more commonly, one can forget that the prophecy was ever made.
There are no prophecies in the Bible that cannot easily fit into one or more of those categories.
2. In Biblical times, prophecies were not simply predictions. They were warnings of what could or would happen if things didn't change. They were meant to influence people's behavior. If the people heeded the prophecy, the events would not come to pass; Jonah 3 gives an example. A fulfilled prophecy was a failed prophecy, because it meant people didn't heed the warning.
3. The Bible also contains failed prophecies, in the sense that things God said would happen did not. [Skeptic's Annotated Bible n.d.] For example:
- Joshua said that God would, without fail, drive out the Jebusites and Canaanites, among others [Josh. 3:9-10]. But those tribes were not driven out [Josh. 15:63, 17:12-13].
- Isaiah 17:1-3 says Damascus will cease to be a city and be deserted forever, yet it is inhabited still.
- Ezekiel said Egypt would be made an uninhabited wasteland for forty years [29:10-14], and Nebuchadrezzar would plunder it [29:19-20]. Neither happened.
4. Other religions claim many fulfilled prophecies, too. [Prophecy n.d.]
5. Divinity is not shown by miracles. The Bible itself says true prophecies may come elsewhere than from God [Deut. 13:1-3], as may other miracles [Ex. 7:22, Matt. 4:8]. Some people say that to focus on proofs is to miss the whole point of faith [John 20:29].
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superbird said:
5. Disprove the miracles. But even Jesus' enemies in the first century could not do this!
PROVE the miracles first, then we'll worry about disproving them.
And again, divinity is not shown by miracles. The Bible itself says true prophecies may come elsewhere than from God [Deut. 13:1-3], as may other miracles [Ex. 7:22, Matt. 4:8]. Some people say that to focus on proofs is to miss the whole point of faith [John 20:29].
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superbird said:
6. Disprove the resurrection. What explanation can you give?
Once again, you haven't proven the resurrection, therefore there is no need to disprove it.