-
Best of luck to the class of 2024 for their HSC exams. You got this! Let us know your thoughts on the HSC exams here -
YOU can help the next generation of students in the community! Share your trial papers and notes on our Notes & Resources page
Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of material (1 Viewer)
- Thread starter nirukk
- Start date
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
– The industrial production of ethanol from sugar-cane uses a few more chemicals (some of which are toxic) and processes compared to ethanol produced for consumption; also sugarcane is higher in simple sugars compared to corn starch.
– This is a summary of the process:
1. The sugar-cane crop is harvested; the whole plant is then crushed and grinded to create a cellulose/sugar pulp.
2. The pulp is heated to 100°C, and dilute sulfuric acid is added. This hydrolyses the cellulose and sucrose into glucose molecules.
3. The mixture is filtered to separate the glucose solution from the solid residues of lignin and unbroken cellulose.
4. The solids residue is further hydrolysed with stronger acids and filtered again.
5. Calcium hydroxide is added to the sugar solution remaining to neutralise the sulfuric acid; an insoluble salt (precipitate) of calcium sulfate is formed.
6. The solution is filtered again to remove solid calcium sulfate particles.
7. The solution is then placed in an oxygen-free tank, warmed to 37°C, and suitable yeast cultures are added.
8. After 15% concentration is reached, the solution is distilled to produce high concentration industrial grade ethanol.
Distillation of the aqueous ethanol product (96% ethanol and 4% water) to obtain almost pure ethanol can take half as much energy as that released when the ethanol is burnt. Distillation is being replaced by low energy methods such as passing the aqueous ethanol through special zeolite filters that act as molecular sieves. The more polar water molecules are strongly attracted to polar parts of the zeolite while the less polar ethanol passes through thus separating pure ethanol.
– The industrial production of ethanol from sugar-cane uses a few more chemicals (some of which are toxic) and processes compared to ethanol produced for consumption; also sugarcane is higher in simple sugars compared to corn starch.
– This is a summary of the process:
1. The sugar-cane crop is harvested; the whole plant is then crushed and grinded to create a cellulose/sugar pulp.
2. The pulp is heated to 100°C, and dilute sulfuric acid is added. This hydrolyses the cellulose and sucrose into glucose molecules.
3. The mixture is filtered to separate the glucose solution from the solid residues of lignin and unbroken cellulose.
4. The solids residue is further hydrolysed with stronger acids and filtered again.
5. Calcium hydroxide is added to the sugar solution remaining to neutralise the sulfuric acid; an insoluble salt (precipitate) of calcium sulfate is formed.
6. The solution is filtered again to remove solid calcium sulfate particles.
7. The solution is then placed in an oxygen-free tank, warmed to 37°C, and suitable yeast cultures are added.
8. After 15% concentration is reached, the solution is distilled to produce high concentration industrial grade ethanol.
Distillation of the aqueous ethanol product (96% ethanol and 4% water) to obtain almost pure ethanol can take half as much energy as that released when the ethanol is burnt. Distillation is being replaced by low energy methods such as passing the aqueous ethanol through special zeolite filters that act as molecular sieves. The more polar water molecules are strongly attracted to polar parts of the zeolite while the less polar ethanol passes through thus separating pure ethanol.
Spiritual Being
hehehehehe
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
– The industrial production of ethanol from sugar-cane uses a few more chemicals (some of which are toxic) and processes compared to ethanol produced for consumption; also sugarcane is higher in simple sugars compared to corn starch.
– This is a summary of the process:
– The sugar-cane crop is harvested; the whole plant is then crushed and grinded to create a cellulose/sugar pulp.
– The pulp is heated to 100°C, and dilute sulfuric acid is added. This hydrolyses the cellulose and sucrose into glucose molecules.
– The mixture is filtered to separate the glucose solution from the solid residues of lignin and unbroken cellulose.
– The solids residue is further hydrolysed with stronger acids and filtered again.
– Calcium hydroxide is added to the sugar solution remaining to neutralise the sulfuric acid; an insoluble salt (precipitate) of calcium sulfate is formed.
– The solution is filtered again to remove solid calcium sulfate particles.
– The solution is then placed in an oxygen-free tank, warmed to 37°C, and suitable yeast cultures are added.
– After 15% concentration is reached, the solution is distilled to produce high concentration industrial grade ethanol.
– The industrial production of ethanol from sugar-cane uses a few more chemicals (some of which are toxic) and processes compared to ethanol produced for consumption; also sugarcane is higher in simple sugars compared to corn starch.
– This is a summary of the process:
– The sugar-cane crop is harvested; the whole plant is then crushed and grinded to create a cellulose/sugar pulp.
– The pulp is heated to 100°C, and dilute sulfuric acid is added. This hydrolyses the cellulose and sucrose into glucose molecules.
– The mixture is filtered to separate the glucose solution from the solid residues of lignin and unbroken cellulose.
– The solids residue is further hydrolysed with stronger acids and filtered again.
– Calcium hydroxide is added to the sugar solution remaining to neutralise the sulfuric acid; an insoluble salt (precipitate) of calcium sulfate is formed.
– The solution is filtered again to remove solid calcium sulfate particles.
– The solution is then placed in an oxygen-free tank, warmed to 37°C, and suitable yeast cultures are added.
– After 15% concentration is reached, the solution is distilled to produce high concentration industrial grade ethanol.
- Joined
- Mar 20, 2011
- Messages
- 2,180
- Gender
- Male
- HSC
- N/A
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
i've seen a 7 marker in the past. just because it was not taught, does not mean it won't appear.
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
stupid human being or bad troll
dawooddaman
Member
- Joined
- Aug 22, 2011
- Messages
- 182
- Gender
- Male
- HSC
- 2012
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
hmm, what year??
- Joined
- Mar 20, 2011
- Messages
- 2,180
- Gender
- Male
- HSC
- N/A
Re: Has anyone came across this dot point in the far right column- production of mate
i'm not home atm, but pre2006, cant remember which one