1 - how is the dollar "price" determined. (ie demand/supply)
2 - factors of demand/supply...examples which may explain recent movements
e.g loss of faith in US economy ---> selling of USD, buying AUD
3. impact:
- CAD: valuation effect of reducting net foreign debt repayments
-cheaper imports ---> worsen balance of trade, may reduce imported inflation, increased domestic competition ----> potential sturctural unemployment in inefficient domestic industries, but lower consumer prices ---> may buy spending. Also, if costs of intermediate and capital goods also fall, then australian exports that use imported machinery may then become more competitive
-Worsening balance of trade may lead to a subsequent depreciation, or lead RBA to raise i.r's so as to slow down import expenditure.
-Become less internationally competitive...lower income and growth prospects, potential decline in standards of living (despite perhaps more variety of better goods from o/s)
4. policy options
- direct intervention by RBA (already discussed) either to steady AUD or lower it back to where it was so as to assist exports
- changing interest rates (raising them would reduce import expenditure and would raise the value of the AUD further, lowering them would increase import expenditure and fuel growth further, but may also lead to capital outflow and a subsequent depreciation)
- fiscal measures: budget outcomes that affect govt debt or may crowd out financial sector may influence speculative action of investors.
-microeconomic policies to improve the international competitiveness of domestic producers to combat the rise in the AUD would allow Australia to continue to grow while also facilitating greater quality and quantity of goods available ---> standard of living improvements