"we" as a collective female body or "we" as in yourself and the voices in your headwe can literally smell the lynx Africa from outside guys' changerooms
im so confused (1 Viewer)
- Thread starter yellowhighlighterr
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nsw..wollongong
dentista 😍🫶
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both.
nice.
yellowhighlighterr
Active Member
I HAVE WRITTEN RESPONSEs
however I am confident that they are both bs
feedback anyone (or feed-forward; whatever floats your boat!
)
[1] Validity in epidemiological studies concerns the flaws in the study design, data collection procedures, or data processing methodologies that might affect the conclusions drawn regarding an exposure-disease association. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and health (PATH) study satisfactorily maintains validity as it is a longitudinal study. It was conducted using the same participants and identical methods at regular, annual intervals. This allowed the researchers to control all variables except the time. They were hence able to see the changes in attitudes towards tobacco and its usage among the population over time. PATH also maintains validity because its adult participants are roughly 50% male and 50% female. This allows any bias regarding smoking habits to be effectively mitigated, hence contributing to the study's high validity.
[2]
This position is marginally valid.
E-cigarettes are battery operated cigarettes that use a heating element to heat a nicotine-saturated liquid, flavourings and other chemicals to produce an aerosol, which is inhaled by the user. In comparison to regular cigarettes which expose smokers to over 7000 toxic chemicals, e-cigarettes contain much fewer toxic chemicals. These toxins reduce the risk of cancer, lung disease, and heart diseases in comparison to regular cigarettes. However, e-cigarettes are a very new technology, and there is very little research done on the chemicals they do contain, and how they affect health long-term. Recent research undertaken by cardiologist Dr. Michael Corban has identified Vitamin E Acetate as a toxic chemical present in e-cigarettes, following an outbreak of lung-related diseases in the United States. Another study conducted by the American College of Cardiology has found that "e-cigarette users were 34% more likely to have a heart attack, 25% more likely to develop coronary artery disease and 55% more likely to suffer from depression or anxiety" [Napoli, 2019]. This still shows a relationship between e-cigarettes and disease. E cigarettes are also combustion-free, which effectively removes the chemical reaction needed for nicotine to become toxic, the health risks However, due to the very limited research, the negative health impacts of e-cigarettes prove to be controversial. Because of the little research done, the new data reporting some health risks with e-cigarette use and the relatively new face of vaping culture, this position is only marginally valid.
however I am confident that they are both bs
feedback anyone (or feed-forward; whatever floats your boat!
) [1] Validity in epidemiological studies concerns the flaws in the study design, data collection procedures, or data processing methodologies that might affect the conclusions drawn regarding an exposure-disease association. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and health (PATH) study satisfactorily maintains validity as it is a longitudinal study. It was conducted using the same participants and identical methods at regular, annual intervals. This allowed the researchers to control all variables except the time. They were hence able to see the changes in attitudes towards tobacco and its usage among the population over time. PATH also maintains validity because its adult participants are roughly 50% male and 50% female. This allows any bias regarding smoking habits to be effectively mitigated, hence contributing to the study's high validity.
[2]
This position is marginally valid.
E-cigarettes are battery operated cigarettes that use a heating element to heat a nicotine-saturated liquid, flavourings and other chemicals to produce an aerosol, which is inhaled by the user. In comparison to regular cigarettes which expose smokers to over 7000 toxic chemicals, e-cigarettes contain much fewer toxic chemicals. These toxins reduce the risk of cancer, lung disease, and heart diseases in comparison to regular cigarettes. However, e-cigarettes are a very new technology, and there is very little research done on the chemicals they do contain, and how they affect health long-term. Recent research undertaken by cardiologist Dr. Michael Corban has identified Vitamin E Acetate as a toxic chemical present in e-cigarettes, following an outbreak of lung-related diseases in the United States. Another study conducted by the American College of Cardiology has found that "e-cigarette users were 34% more likely to have a heart attack, 25% more likely to develop coronary artery disease and 55% more likely to suffer from depression or anxiety" [Napoli, 2019]. This still shows a relationship between e-cigarettes and disease. E cigarettes are also combustion-free, which effectively removes the chemical reaction needed for nicotine to become toxic, the health risks However, due to the very limited research, the negative health impacts of e-cigarettes prove to be controversial. Because of the little research done, the new data reporting some health risks with e-cigarette use and the relatively new face of vaping culture, this position is only marginally valid.