The textbook has pretty good info on this but a basic summary from memory:
End-user: The programmer is the end user, i.e, you're making the program for yourself.
RAD: Obviously rapid development, not coding from scratch, using some program to speed up the application development process, like Excel or some game creator tool.
Prototyping: A program design is made by the programmer, shows it to the end user, and the programmer makes adjustments to the original prototype based on what the end user wants.
Structured: Can't remember much about this but there's different stages to it, it's the most formal approach and it's the approach generally taken by big software firms making large software.
Like I said, textbook will give better info but that's a general overview.