Captain Gh3y said:
Why? I don't care about people that exist outside of my own civilisation, they are only potential enemies and rivals for resources. There's no reason to be concerned about their poverty as long as they're still able to provide us with the services we need, and we can limit their population enough that they don't consume too many resources.
Well, if you're going to ask that, why should you care about your state? or your family? Why should we care about people at all? I'll offer you a few ideas:
(1) People should be treated as ends in themselves (to abuse an overused and somewhat ambiguous claim), i.e. the fact that they are rational beings who have experiences, as we do, entitles them to a certain degree of dignity and respect. I hope that you possess empathy and that you can try to enter the existence of an individual who is starved, dehydrated and diseased and see the amount of pain which exists in such a life. If that was your next door neighbour, you would probably feel compelled to give them a drink of water and a bite to eat... why? Perhaps it's the notion that we can make an immeasurable difference in the quality of a person's life while hardly damaging our own. If one is to be concerned with the experiences of beings such as ourselves then, in its most mature for, that concern will extend universally... I will admit that this whole argument is quite weak right now - I might come back an elaborate on it after my exam tomorrow.
(2) Using a utilitarian kind of approach. You experience pleasure and pain and you probably understand that pleasure = good, while pain = bad. Likewise, empathy allows us to realise that the same holds for others - though it will often be the case that what illicits pain or pleasure differs from person to person. Why is it bad to cut someone with a knife? ---> you cause them pain. Why is it good to give someone a gift? ---> they experience pleasure. A loss of $500 from the account of an individual with $30,000 in savings causes very little 'pain' compared to the relative gain an individual with no money receives from $500. Alleviating poverty in the third world is one of the main ways we could maximise quality of life for people worldwide.
(3) Poverty leads to an early death and it limits ones actions in the world. If one is to act morally then they must a) exist, and b) be free to do so. If one accepts that 'the good' exists and that it is possible to act in accordance with it then the 'right to freedom' and 'the right to life' should be looked upon as universal rights (being necessary conditions for moral action). In particular we deny their 'right to life' in allowing poverty to exist. How is one to stay alive without food/water/medicine?
(4) One could argue that we have a duty to alleviate their poverty because we have exploited their countries to our benefit. Cheap labour, cheap resources and easy income (i.e. international debts... how responsible is it to loan an individual/country a sum of money that they won't be able to pay? or that they won't be able to pay while having a decent quality of life?). We use the third world for medical research and yet do they reap the benefits? No. They simply get to act as test subjects, generating medicines that they will never be able to afford for the benefit of the first world. Much of our prosperity has grown out of their squalor. Isn't it about time we paid off
our debts?
Anyhow, (3) and (4) are possibly the strongest arguments from my point of view. Ultimately, and this is usually the case in value theory, if you don't want to accept my arguments then that's that. You can be selfish if you want, and there's very little I can do to stop you. Still, I would emplore you to have empathy and develop some concern for the human plight - for without such concern we are left with a world full of sociopathic tendencies, where people act solely as self-serving agents without regard for others (does this situation even benefit the selfish man? Maybe it should be looked at like the
prisoner's dilemma). Perhaps this could be used as the grounds for practical arguments for ethical behaviour? Well, that's all from me... I hope that's not too much to read,
KFunk
(*Edited a sentence which didn't make sense and added prisoner's dilemma link*)